Why Don’t Universities Hire Half-Time Faculty?

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Picture17I blogged about sessionals earlier this month and the claim was that sessionals (adjuncts) are sessionals because they don’t want tenure track positions.

It may be true for some, but it’s certainly not true for all of us, and it may not even be true for most of us.

Some of the sessionals I know would love to have full-time, tenure-track jobs. Some want positions that include research, but others don’t. Many of them love teaching but aren’t really interested in spending 2/3 of their time trying to get grants so they can do research (that likely won’t be seen by anyone after the grant runs out). It’s a real shame that so few universities recognize the value of people who are dedicated to teaching and the scholarship that goes with that.

Others – and I fall into this category – actually want something most universities don’t seem to know how to do: tenure-track (or at least long-term) part-time positions. I’m talking about 1/2 year full-time (i.e. 6 months), or full-year 1/2 time (i.e. 5 full days every 2 weeks). I’ve never understood why universities don’t do this (unless it’s simply b/c they can use sessionals instead). Anyone who has ever worked 1/2 time can tell you that the company always wins – they always get more than 1/2 time.

I have a pretty impressive publication record if I do say so myself, I am a pretty good teacher and a great instructional designer. I also watched first my only brother, and then four months later my mother die of cancer four years ago. My brother was only 56 and was just getting ready to start doing the things he had always wanted to (he was a musician) – and then he was diagnosed with leiomyosarcoma. He was dead less than a year later. My mom has been diagnosed with breast cancer, and although she was doing OK, I think losing her son was more than she could bear- she died less than four months later. My dad died when I was 12, so that left only me. It has changed my perspective on life, and how tenuous it can be. As a result, I want to balance my time between the various things I love – only one of which is teaching.

I’m pretty sure I’m not the only academic who wants a part-time position. Universities are missing out on some stellar talent. It’s a shame they don’t seem to care.

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Valuing a Job Well Done

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You know how chance or fleeting encounters with people who cross your path can sometimes leave a lasting impression? The man who drove the forklift at the local feed store has become a symbol in our household. He is a reminder that pride in one’s work is something to respect and to strive for – REGARDLESS of the nature of the work.


gargoyle1_wmI have a farm – with animals. This means that I need to buy feed for my animals on a regular basis. For a number of years we bought our feed at the nearby Co-Op feed mill. I would back my truck up to the loading dock doors, go into the office, place my order, and by the time I got back to my truck the feed was neatly loaded into my truck. It was always right, and the counts were always exact (I would buy 20-40 bags at a time). The guy who loaded the bags into my truck used to drive around the warehouse at breakneck speeds on his forklift. His speeds were such that if he miscalculated even a little, he would crash into something. He never did. He was GOOD. He was also happy, friendly, and polite. ALWAYS. This job helped pay his bills and he appreciated that. And I always left feeling happier for having talked to him. He taught me (and I passed this on to my kids) that people who take pride in their work and do it well deserve our respect. This is true no matter what they are doing.

Who are we to judge people on the basis of the kind of job they are doing?

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On Publication in Academia

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Running Towards Publication, Then Walking Away – Culture Digitally.

This article caught my eye for a number of reasons.

For one thing, I’m just finishing a book and so I’m thinking about this a fair bit, but for another, I do not have a permanent position at any institution, and haven’t had one for some years. This means I am spared the usual annual reporting that most salaried academics must endure every year (or in some cases two).

These days, I mostly publish things that I think people might be interested in learning about – usually based on feedback. And, really, publishing is supposed to be about sharing knowledge, not feathering caps.

As the risk of sounding too obvious, something is clearly out of joint when the most important things a scholar writes, the things that might influence conversations, get cited, and get taught, appear in venues that are automatically discounted by backward-thinking tenure committees that still focus on journals and books as the only or most important publication outlets. – See more at: http://culturedigitally.org/2015/06/running-towards-publication-then-walking-away/#sthash.G4ouVlUS.dpuf

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Assessment, AS, FOR, and OF Learning

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Image Credit: Victoria (Australia) Department of Education and Training

The primary purpose of assessment and evaluation is to improve student learning.

I came across this while working on my book. This approach has become part of the teaching ideology throughout much of Canada (2006 for most of western Canada, 2010 for Ontario, and I’m not sure about the rest of Canada).

I had not heard of this (not being a classroom teacher) and so had to look it up.

Here’s the skinny:

  • AS: This one is formative and is intended to be used to help students learn.
  • OF: This is the usual – summative assessment designed primarily to produce a grade or mark.
  • FOR: This is diagnostic assessment to inform teaching.

Very catchy.

While I think the idea is a really good one, I have to wonder if this sort of thing is another one of those labeling exercises invented by a bunch of academics and education ministries that ends up restricting what we do rather than enriching and informing it. I think if I had to identify my assessments explicitly in those terms during the design of my courses, my assessments would end up being less organic than they are now.

When I think about it though, most of the assessment I do now would be classified in the “for” and “as” categories. My approach these days is to design things for the students. If they learn what I need them to learn, I win (and so do they). I find that the “of” part is a side-effect of the other two, and the easiest of the three to design.

I’m always interested in learning more about how to teach and assess, but I’ve been teaching a very long time and I’ve seen a lot of ideas come and go. I have a pretty good idea of what I am comfortable with – even a really good idea will fall flat if it’s not the right fit for the person implementing it. It’s one reason why I don’t use narratives in my gamified courses.

Since I have the luxury of designing my courses more or less how I choose, I mostly use what I learn to tweak things rather than adopting some new (or re-imagined, or contrived) doctrine. Can you tell I’m a little cynical? On the other hand, what I’m going now is the result of probably 20 years of experimentation and revision. My 1st 15 or so years of teaching don’t really count – there are exceptions of course, but I think many start off teaching pretty much the way they were taught, and it’s not until they have some miles under their wheels that they begin to be able to experiment. In my case I had to get to a pretty deep comfort level with the material itself before I could play around with it. I’ve taught computer science most of my career, and it’s rare to get a class where the instructor is the expert on everything. There are always a few kids who know more about something I’m teaching than me. If I’m not really solid on the material then it’s hard to keep their respect.

So, assessment AS, OF, and FOR is a great idea, just so long as it doesn’t become yet another formality imposed on teachers by administrations.

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8 Part Series on Gamification as Reigeluth’s Post-industrial Paradigm of Instruction: Part 8

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And so, we come to the last part:

Picture8

Image Credit: Pirates of the Caribbean

Enjoyable vs Unpleasant

Students deserve transparency in the way they are to be assessed. In fact, there are two key questions to which every student should be able to expect an answer when asked to perform some learning activity:

1) “Why am I doing this?”, and

2) “What is this good for?”

That is not to say that each requirement must be immediately applicable in a practical sense, but it does mean that instructors should be able to help students “connect the dots” from what they are learning now to something that will be of practical use eventually.

If we put all of these ideas together, we end up with a model that is very like the way many games are set up, and, just like a game, this requires that the bulk of the course be designed before the course begins.

2012-01-08-14-00-45_wmJust to keep things organized: these are Reigeluth’s 8 core ideas for a new post-industrial paradigm of instruction:

  1. Learning-focused vs. sorting focused.
  2. Learner-centered vs. teacher-centered instruction.
  3. Learning by doing vs. teacher presenting.
  4. Attainment-based vs. time-based progress.
  5. Customized vs. standardized instruction.
  6. Criterion-referenced vs. norm-referenced testing.
  7. Collaborative vs. individual.
  8. Enjoyable vs. unpleasant. [1]

For more on my gamified approach to course design, see here. I am working on a book that should be out in 2016.

  1. C. M. Reigeluth, “Instructional Theory and Technology for the New Paradigm of Education,” Revista de Educación a Distancia, vol. 11, Sept. 30 2012 2012.
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8 Part Series on Gamification as Reigeluth’s Post-industrial Paradigm of Instruction: Part 7

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Collaborative vs Individual

Picture7

Image Credit: Fellowship of the Ring

For the rest of their professional careers, most graduates will be working in teams rather than individually.  We need not only to provide more opportunities to allow them to work in teams, but we must help them learn how to work in teams and find better ways to assess their team work. With tools such as Google Drive that supports collaborative work and that has the ability to track who does what, it is easier than ever before to allow encourage group work while still monitoring individual contributions.

2012-01-08-14-00-45_wmJust to keep things organized: these are Reigeluth’s 8 core ideas for a new post-industrial paradigm of instruction:

  1. Learning-focused vs. sorting focused.
  2. Learner-centered vs. teacher-centered instruction.
  3. Learning by doing vs. teacher presenting.
  4. Attainment-based vs. time-based progress.
  5. Customized vs. standardized instruction.
  6. Criterion-referenced vs. norm-referenced testing.
  7. Collaborative vs. individual.
  8. Enjoyable vs. unpleasant. [1]

For more on my gamified approach to course design, see here. I am working on a book that should be out in 2016.

  1. C. M. Reigeluth, “Instructional Theory and Technology for the New Paradigm of Education,” Revista de Educación a Distancia, vol. 11, Sept. 30 2012 2012.
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8 Part Series on Gamification as Reigeluth’s Post-industrial Paradigm of Instruction: Part 6

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Criterion Referenced vs Norm Referenced

2004-07-11_12-58-35_001b_wmPoor Norm. He is doomed to be compared against whoever signs up for the same class as him.

Doesn’t matter what he can do, it seems, it only matters how he measures up to what everyone else can do.

Norm-referenced assessment is still the norm (pardon the pun) in many, if not most university classes. We have come to assume that letter grades should be allotted to students based on a statistically normal distribution, but what if everyone in the class manages to meet the stated course objectives?

Criterion referenced assessment (CRA) involves an independently determined set of standards for achievement. So long as the student meets the criterion, they should earn the grade promised.

How does that compare with our usual, norm-referenced assessment (NRA)?

In a typical course when a student earns 65% (which is a pass in most institutions) it is meant to imply that they have mastered approximately 2/3 of the course content, but is this really true? In a course where 60% or more of the final grade comes from exams their grade is in fact only a measure of the percentage of the content of the exams that they have mastered. Of necessity the exams include only a fraction of the course material that was taught.

In a gamified design students are assessed on the work they do over the term, and although final exams are still possible, they should could towards the final ‘score’ in the same way as all other work. If students manage to earn 1000 points throughout the term, then why should they be made to write a final exam? Haven’t they already demonstrated their mastery of the material?

I’ve heard people express concerns over rigor & accountability in criterion referenced assessment but that can be done quite easily by setting appropriate standards for the work that is submitted.

I suspect that many of the concerns come from experience with the kind of assessment that I’ve seen myself in some education programs where it is assumed that everyone who tries at all gets an A. I’ve been in classes like that. It’s really annoying for those who want to EARN their A’s, and yes, it can make it seem like CRA lacks rigor. Done right, it actually has MORE rigor & accountability than NRA.

2012-01-08-14-00-45_wmJust to keep things organized: these are Reigeluth’s 8 core ideas for a new post-industrial paradigm of instruction:

  1. Learning-focused vs. sorting focused.
  2. Learner-centered vs. teacher-centered instruction.
  3. Learning by doing vs. teacher presenting.
  4. Attainment-based vs. time-based progress.
  5. Customized vs. standardized instruction.
  6. Criterion-referenced vs. norm-referenced testing.
  7. Collaborative vs. individual.
  8. Enjoyable vs. unpleasant. [1]

For more on my gamified approach to course design, see here. I am working on a book that should be out in 2016.

  1. C. M. Reigeluth, “Instructional Theory and Technology for the New Paradigm of Education,” Revista de Educación a Distancia, vol. 11, Sept. 30 2012 2012.
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8 Part Series on Gamification as Reigeluth’s Post-industrial Paradigm of Instruction: Part 5

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Customized vs Standardized

This idea should include customized content as well as customized methods.

player-statsI recognize that it may not be practical to do this individually in a large class – but it is possible in smaller classes. What is possible, even in a large class (I know because I’ve done it) is to set up a collection of content, methods and work for the students and then let them choose from a variety of tasks. This of course means that you, as the instructor (or course designer) must actually design all (*) of your assignments before the term starts. It also means you must have your assessment schemes set up at the start of term too. Students deserve to know how they will be assessed before they start an assignment.

Another way to do customization is to support a variety of paths through the course content. When a game is designed it usually gets laid out in a map according to the places the player can access or the regions on the game world. Each “node” in the map is a place where the player can do something. All eventually lead to the final challenge of the game. Sometimes you can go directly to the end game but players will rarely have the skills and assets they need in order to meet the final challenge. Often you will need to meet specific challenges at various points before being allowed to continue to the next one.

snap02006We can take this same approach to the design of allowable paths through a course. Although most of us learned our disciplines through lectures and textbooks that were organized linearly (see Figure 1), there is nothing inherently natural about this approach and there is very little evidence to suggest that this is an appropriate way to learn. It gets done mostly because it is easiest and most ‘efficient’ for the institution and the instructor, not because it is best for the student.

snap02007If instead of thinking about subjects as an ordered set of topics, we consider the actual dependencies of various topics, concepts, and skills, we can use that to create a flexible learning path (Figure 2). Clearly, some things must be addressed in a specific order, but others will be order-independent, and some are truly required while others can be optional. This has the added benefit of making relationships between the various topics explicit.

(*) You don’t actually need to have all of them ready, but you should have most of them. I often have a few categories (such as my Discovery and Delivery Quests) that I can set up on the fly to meet the needs of the class.

2012-01-08-14-00-45_wmJust to keep things organized: these are Reigeluth’s 8 core ideas for a new post-industrial paradigm of instruction:

  1. Learning-focused vs. sorting focused.
  2. Learner-centered vs. teacher-centered instruction.
  3. Learning by doing vs. teacher presenting.
  4. Attainment-based vs. time-based progress.
  5. Customized vs. standardized instruction.
  6. Criterion-referenced vs. norm-referenced testing.
  7. Collaborative vs. individual.
  8. Enjoyable vs. unpleasant. [1]

For more on my gamified approach to course design, see here. I am working on a book that should be out in 2016.

  1. C. M. Reigeluth, “Instructional Theory and Technology for the New Paradigm of Education,” Revista de Educación a Distancia, vol. 11, Sept. 30 2012 2012.
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