This article misses the point. Assuming robotics renders many jobs obsolete AND we have the means to provide a basic living wage to all, this has the potential to free up masses of people to spend their time on things more meaningful to their lives than their jobs.
Comments on an article by Yuval Noah Harari
Monday 8 May 2017 06.00 BST
As technology renders jobs obsolete, what will keep us busy? Sapiens author Yuval Noah Harari examines ‘the useless class’ and a new quest for purpose
“USELESS CLASS”? REALLY?
…it is unclear whether 40-year-old unemployed taxi drivers or insurance agents will be able to reinvent themselves as virtual-world designers.
That’s hardly the only option, AND it completely ignores the likelihood that these people have passions in their lives that are not their jobs.
The real problem will then be to keep the masses occupied and content. People must engage in purposeful activities, or they go crazy. So what will the useless class do all day?
Now, I choose to believe that this will not be a problem for MOST people. People will be able to take time to be artists, farmers, teachers; to help those who are in need, or lonely, …
This is not a problem, it is something we should look forward to.
What are YOU doing in your courses to encourage more women to enter and continue?
The president of Harvey Mudd College shares the strategies it’s used to interest more female students in computer science.
1. Make courses more engaging.
I’ve been doing this for at least 20 years: bonus points; using games AS programming assignments; inquiry-based approaches; etc. Just look over my publications, and the “gamification” posts in this blog.
What are YOU doing to make YOUR courses more engaging (for women)?
2. Build confidence and community.
Again, I’ve been doing this for at least 20 years: bonus points; re-submission; multiple pathways to completion; flexible deadlines; removing the risk to allow people to try new things; allowing and encouraging collaboration (EVEN when the assignment is NOT groupwork),….
What are YOU doing to build confidence and community (and I don’t mean “boy’s clubs”)?
3. Demystify success.
I am a sessional right now, which means I get paid to teach specific courses. I do NOT get paid to do course development (though I do that), and I don’t get paid to do extra-curricular things (though I do some).
However, when I was full-time faculty, I did these things – and even today, I talk about my experiences out in “the real world” to help connect students to the roles they are likely to fill once they graduate.
The inflated style is itself a kind of euphemism. A mass of Latin words falls upon the facts like soft snow, blurring the outlines and covering up all the details. The great enemy of clear language is insincerity. —George Orwell
That art at least discusses ‘artspeak’ is refreshing. Education should take a lesson and take a cold hard look at ‘edspeak’ too. Ed-types are forever coining new terms that almost instantly become “THE” new thing that everyone-who’s-anyone uses and knows about.
He that uses many words for explaining any subject, doth, like the cuttlefish, hide himself for the most part in his own ink. – John Ray, naturalist
Whether it’s actually new or not seems to be irrelevant.
Whether or not there is any actual evidence to support this new best thing, is irrelevant.
One can almost guarantee that this new best thing is going to become a motherhood (edu-hood?) issue: everyone will begin to talk about it and everyone will be doing it.
Speak properly, and in as few words as you can, but always plainly; for the end of speech is not ostentation, but to be understood. – William Penn
A few examples:
Flipped Classroom (can you say, apprenticing?)
Multiple Intelligence (no evidence, but VERY popular)
_______-Thinking (fill in the blank with whatever you like – as if we can teach ‘ways of thinking’).
Blended Learning (isn’t ALL learning a blend of multiple approaches?)
Edutainment (code for crappy software that teachers think/wish/hope is “fun” – even though many educators believe that education and fun are incompatible).
Mutil-Modal Professional Learning (Would anyone ever claim that they DON’T do this?)
I would never use a long word, even, where a short one would answer the purpose. I know there are professors in this country who ‘ligate’ arteries. Other surgeons only tie them, and it stops the bleeding just as well. —Oliver Wendell Holmes (1809-94)
Note: There IS an Edspeak Jargon Generator (SHHHHHH! Don’t tell the fine folks at the Ed conferences.) It’s kind of telling that it was produced by science teacher. I’m pretty sure almost NO education academics would dare do something like this. They could never bear to expose just how thin most of their “theory” and practice actually is, and how devoid of actual meaning much of their jargon is.
The chief virtue that language can have is clearness, and nothing detracts from it so much as the use of unfamiliar words. ~Hippocrates
ATTENTION “Educationists everywhere (but ESPECIALLY those in the Academy):
If I make a loony statement – “chronormativity both negates and releases binary hegemonies” – then follow with an in-text citation (Authority, 2017), it looks as if I am referring to established fact. But I may be referring to a sessional instructor at Simon Fraser who published in an online journal called Radical De-Everything. The source and its persuasiveness needs to be addressed in the text itself.
Let’s stop pretending this language reflects “research.” Let the reader decide whether an idea is plausible or implausible by explaining it, not by presenting it as established fact. Let’s have an end to academic artspeak – and while we’re at it, start letting art speak for itself.
The reader should decide whether an idea is plausible or implausible by explaining it, not by presenting it as established fact.
The point of this dialect, the researchers claim, is simply to show insider status, to exclude those without the proper credentials or background from the conversation.
It’s easier to blame the victim than change the system.
When I was up for tenure at my “old” institution, I had to petition the “authorities” to replace my current department head by a former department head on my tenure review committee because my current department head had already spent several years making my life miserable, and there was no way he could be unbiased. I was made to feel weak by the criticism leveled at me for taking this move, and rumours started flying that I was mentally unstable. Never mind the fact that I had been teaching for about 20 years, and had had 5 previous department heads report favorably on my teaching ability and my dedication to the department.
I won tenure; the situation in my department became steadily worse (for all the reasons above, and worse), and I ultimately had to give up my tenure and quit my job. In legal circles, they often call this sort of thing “constructive dismissal“.
My faculty association told me, at the time, that I had no case, and told me to simply “keep my head down”. They were much more interested in trying to get me to change what I was doing so as not to annoy administration than they were in standing up for a union member.
They forced me into “mediation”, and told me that my prior sexual abuse was why I was unable to get along now.
I suspect this sort of strategy is pretty common among faculty associations.
By Mateus S. Figueiredo (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
The question of what to do about smart watches in exams came across my feed.
Predictably, the typical response is to simply not allow them. I’ve got news for you all….. this won’t fix the problem.
Anything we do to try and “stop” cheating is at best, a temporary measure.
We should instead be looking much more closely at the root causes of cheating. While there are probably a few people who will try and cheat no matter *what* we do, the vast majority of students would NOT cheat if conditions were different.
My experience over the years has been that the more I trust my students, the more trust-worthy they actually become.
In my work with gamification in the classroom, I have also found that cheating is related to relative amount of (real or perceived) risk that is associated with an assignment or test.
Reduce the risk, and you WILL reduce cheating.
If we REALLY think about why we are teaching something, the approach to cheating can (and should) change.
If we are simply trying to “weed out” those that can’t do our tests and assignments, then fine. I have nothing to say to you.
However, if what we really want to do is to help people actually LEARN something, then why do we not give our students more chances to do that?
Blaming our students for cheating when we make their learning path unnaturally perilous is like me blaming my puppy for stealing that steak when I’m the one who left it lying on the floor.
Here are 5 strategies that reduce the risk associated with graded coursework:
Allow students to fix their mistakes and resubmit their work.
This can’t be done in every circumstance, perhaps, but trust me, it will NOT increase your workload. Fewer than 10% of your students will take you up on this offer, but ALMOST ALL of your students will now read and reflect on your feedback. As an added bonus, students will complain less, because by doing this you have given them a choice.
Use criterion referenced rather than norm referenced grading – and make sure you tell your students what those criteria are at the same time as they get their assignment. We have faith in norm-referenced grading when in fact there is very little evidence to support the notion that this works at a course level. Sure, if you pool enough assessments (and I’m talking 1,000’s), a normal curve will emerge. Since when does that mean that your class this term is “perfectly normal”? Besides, if our goal is to actually TEACH students, then shouldn’t we be rewarding ALL students who manage to master the material to our standards and not just those who happen to lie above our arbitrary “A” borderline? This is basically a zero-sum game – one person’s gain comes at the expense of another person’s loss. What kind of sense does that make if our stated goal is to help people learn something?
Use cumulative grading rather sectionalized grading. Almost every single course I’ve ever seen employs some form of sectionalized grading, for example: 35% for assignments, 25% for the midterm, and 40% for the final. If a student blows ONE part of the course for whatever reason, they are screwed. Imagine a student who did OK on the midterm, blew one of the assignments because they misunderstood what was wanted, and did pretty well on all the other assignments. Let’s say there are 5 assignments worth 7% each. So:
OK on the midterm = 18%, Assignments = 4 * 5 + 1 * 0 = 20%. This student currently has 38%. In order to come away from the course with a “B”, let’s say they need 75%. That means that student MUST earn at least 37/40 on the final. How do you suppose it feels walking into a final exam already knowing you’re screwed? Do you suppose that might prompt an otherwise honest student to cheat?
By contrast, cumulative grading has students start off with 0, and everything they do adds to their score. If they do well, it adds a lot. If they blow something, it adds less. If, in addition to that, you provide just a few chances to earn additional marks, you give students a way to recover. Blowing something is NOT the end. This reduces the risk. This is also how learning is SUPPOSED to go.
Give them choice over their work. Most of us get to teach the same course more than once. That means we likely have a variety of assignments we can give them. Rather than giving them a specific set of assignments, why not give them a choice of 2 or 3 in each “slot”? Allow them to choose an assignment that matches their interests. Giving them a choice increases their investment in the task, thereby reducing the likelihood of cheating.
Use attainment-based assessment rather than time-based assessment. Let’s face it: one of the primary reasons we have strict deadlines for things is for our own convenience. Another is, “They need to learn to work to deadlines.” Well, sure. But don’t they ALSO need to learn to work when there are NO clear deadlines? When do we teach them THAT? I now have almost no deadlines at all in my classes. Know what? My students STILL submit work. If they need a couple of extra days to fix that last bug, I’m perfectly OK with that. I’d much rather they spend a little extra time and learn something than have them give up in frustration and hand in something that will get a failing mark, OR, worse yet, CHEAT.
THINK ABOUT THIS. What do you actually want your students to get out of your courses? Do you want them to learn something? If so, then HELP THEM learn it. I’m not saying we should make things easy for them. I AM saying we should provide them with plenty of opportunities to try.
Once we knew we would not be able to keep Rubic, we started looking for a replacement.
Rubic
This is one of the many many places where having a reputable, caring breeder comes in handy. Not only did Rubic’s breeder (Grazerie) help us find a new puppy, but she ALSO helped us find a perfect new home for Rubic (where she still lives happily ever after). I’ll write more about Rubic another time. This is (in a round about way) Arrow’s story.
Arrow (behind) and Odin (in front) in early 2014.
Enter Odin.
Odin (LGD 4.0) came from the same breeder as Rubic, and we took him knowing he was born with a number of challenges (another advantage of dealing with a knowledgeable, ethical breeder). He was not entirely sound, but that was absolutely OK.
Together, Arrow and Odin were an ideal team for a small holding like ours. Up until this spring, that is.
You see, Odin’s eyesight is not the best (he has cataracts). He gets around just fine, but he really doesn’t like going into a dark place from a light place (such as from the sunny outdoors into the dim rabbitry. That’s not really a big problem, and in some ways, it’s useful. It means I can leave the door to the rabbitry ajar and know that Arrow can get in and out, but that Odin won’t. Arrow can escape the heat and snooze in peace. He can also hide away from thunder (which he hates).
Arrow always likes to take his dinner out to the field. Perhaps he likes to eat in peace.
Arrow turned 12 years old in May 2017. Last year he had a number of tumours removed from four different places on his body – all of them benign. However, over winter, he started having occasional trouble getting up. He’s a BIG guy – about 130 lb – so helping him up is no small task.
He’s been slowing down slowly for some time, but this spring I realized he was no longer effective.
We lost 8 of our remaining 11 ducks. At least 3 of them were taken right out of the duck house while they were sitting on nests.
Arrow meets Sammy – the only duckling hatched in 2016. Note Odin (and Carlton the turkey) looking on from behind. Note also how Arrow is avoiding eye contact with Sammy. That is exactly how he should behave around his charges.
I KNOW it wasn’t Arrow or Odin. Both are exceptionally patient with the birds.
However, it is part of the job of the local predators to know when something is not adequately guarded. We don’t have bears or wolves or big cats, but we DO have foxes and coyotes.
Both have no problem coming right up to the house.
When we were struggling with Rubic and needed to confine her during the day to keep her from the turkeys, it wasn’t very long before the foxes started sneaking into the yard and trying to steal ducks.
This spring, I lost 8 ducks within a few weeks, and realized that I’d have to protect them better if I wanted to keep any.
It’s not Arrow’s fault.
I should have seen the writing on the wall sooner.
Lagoland
So now, our ducks are confined to the inner yard – the area known as “Lagoland”. This where the dogs spend most of their time and so the fox will not chance taking a duck from there. There is no easy way to get in and out without being noticed – especially not if you are carrying a duck.
Kipa (our cat) and the foxes knew and respected each other.
I have no illusions that it is fox-proof – I’ve found fox poo on TOP of the rabbit hutches – but I DO know that foxes are unlikely to push their luck too far.
So, we have a new puppy “on order”. She is another Sar (like Odin and Rubic), and should arrive sometime in October.
If Arrow is still around then, he will likely pretend she doesn’t exist – just like he has with the other four puppies (2 of them Rotties) he has helped raise.
Arrow, at about 10 weeks.
You see, if Arrow had a religion, he would be a Buddist.
He is fundamentally non-violent, and he expects us all to handle things in a calm, reasonable matter, and is deeply insulted when we fail.
If I yell at him, he simply leaves. He has, in his ENTIRE life, growled at me but once, and that was when he was about 10 weeks old and I tried to take a piece of raw chicken from him. I took it from him, of course, because I HAD to win that argument, but the only reprimand he required was for me to growl at him and hold him by the scruff of his neck. After that, he would drop any treat I offered him if he felt his mouth touch my hand.
One time, when he was grown but still young, he was pestering me to pet him. He would do this by walking beside me and pushing his head up under my hand – he is tall enough to do this easily. I obliged a few times, but then I told him to stop. He didn’t. After the 3rd or 4th time I told him to stop, I finally swatted him across the face.
Now, my Rotties would think this is perfectly fair, but Pyrenees come from a different culture and in their world, this is simply not done. I had forgotten that. There is no way I hurt him physically, but Arrow’s reaction was to stop dead in his tracks and stare at me as if to say, “SURELY, you could have figured out a more reasonable way to communicate your displeasure!”
Then he walked away and wouldn’t come near me for three days.
I learned.
In my twelve years with Arrow, I have learned a LOT.
For that, I will be forever grateful to him.
He taught me at least as much as I taught him. Perhaps more. And in return, he has kept my birds, rabbits, cats, etc., safe.
This is the fifth and probably second last in a series of posts about Arrow, and about grief.
I will write the final installment after Arrow has passed, which I do hope is not for a a while yet, but the more realistic part of me knows will likely be in the next few months.
If you are at all curious why I named this guy “Arrow”: